When attending the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the third session of the 14th National People's Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation are the basic path to develop new quality productivity." "To integrate scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, we should build platforms, improve institutions and mechanisms, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation, and make the innovation chain and industrial chain seamless." The enterprise is the micro subject of the market economy, but also the important subject of scientific and technological innovation. Enterprises have natural sensitivity to technological innovation, product innovation and industrial innovation, and can organically combine innovation resources with market demand. The key to firmly promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation is to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation.

Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation and accelerating the construction of a scientific and technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body is conducive to giving play to the role of enterprises in the whole chain innovation, is the focus of giving play to the adhesion and even traction role of enterprises as innovation chain and industrial chain, and is conducive to opening up the channel from strong science and technology to strong enterprises, industries, and economies. General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed in the report of the 20th Party Congress that "strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in science and technology innovation, give play to the leading and supporting role of backbone enterprises in science and technology", and the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Party Central Committee made an important deployment to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in science and technology innovation, which provides a fundamental basis for us to continuously strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in science and technology innovation in practice.

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has vigorously implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development, put forward the strategic task of accelerating the building of an innovation-oriented country, continuously deepened the reform of the scientific and technological system, and vigorously promoted the self-reliance of high-level science and technology. China has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes in science and technology, and successfully entered the ranks of innovation-oriented countries. Our scientific and technological strength is moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap. From the breakthrough of the point to the improvement of system capabilities, some frontier areas began to enter the stage of running and leading. Under the leadership of the Party, China has formed a science and technology innovation system covering universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises and other multiple subjects, and a number of influential science and technology enterprises have emerged. In recent years, relying on the advantages of China's complete industrial system and huge domestic market, Chinese enterprises have continuously increased investment in scientific and technological innovation, and played an important role in patent application, technological innovation and the industrialization of patent achievements. At present, China's enterprise research and development investment accounts for more than 75% of the whole society's research and development investment, the number of high-tech enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises of science and technology is growing rapidly, and the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation has been strengthened, and has become an important position for the emergence of new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, and has become an important subject of China's scientific and technological innovation system.

While seeing that Chinese enterprises have made great achievements in scientific and technological innovation, we must also see that compared with the requirements of accelerating the construction of science and technology power, Chinese enterprises have a relatively low proportion of basic research from 0 to 1, relatively weak independent innovation ability, relatively lack of scientific research talents, especially high-end talents, and insufficient ability to lead or integrate domestic and foreign industry, university and research innovation resources. The institutional obstacles that restrict the main role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation still exist. For example, innovative talents, national laboratories, and large scientific installations are the core resources of scientific and technological innovation, and play an important role in innovation decision-making and innovation organization. At present, China's innovation resources are mainly allocated in institutions of higher learning and research institutes, and relatively few are distributed in enterprises. Take innovative talents as an example, most of them are concentrated in universities and research institutes, and they have low willingness to engage in basic research in enterprises. At the same time, enterprises lack autonomy in the qualification recognition and title evaluation of required basic researchers, and it is difficult to attract and retain talents. For another example, strengthening the dominant position of enterprise scientific and technological innovation not only requires enterprises to solve technical problems, but also to increase investment in basic research and in-depth study of the basic scientific problems behind the "stuck neck" technology. In recent years, the investment intensity of basic research funds of Chinese enterprises has increased, but it is still insufficient in general, which restricts the main role of Chinese enterprises in the innovation of the whole chain of production, university and research to a large extent. For another example, the existing industry-university-research consortium is mainly linked by technology, and the willingness of leading scientific and technological enterprises to lead the deep integration of industry-university-research is not strong.

The survey found that the main reasons include: some leading technology companies have a strong sense of independent intellectual property protection for research and development results, and worry about technology leakage in cooperation; Some leading technology companies worry that "setting questions" will expose their "technical bottlenecks", which is not conducive to market competition; There are difficulties in the identification and ownership division of scientific and technological innovation achievements in deep cooperation. Some state-owned enterprises are difficult to make comprehensive and detailed business analysis in the early stage of patent industrialization, fearing the loss of state-owned assets, and scientific research institutions have high market expectations for patents as intangible assets. Let's wait. This has led to a low level of cooperation between enterprises, universities and research institutes.

This year's government work report proposes to give play to the leading role of leading science and technology enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of enterprise-led industry, university and research, and institutionally ensure that enterprises participate in national science and technology innovation decisions and undertake major science and technology projects. To implement the spirit of the important speech of the General Secretary of the Xi Jinping and the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee, we must adhere to the strategic orientation of "four aspects", constantly strengthen the deep integration of enterprise led production, university and research, comprehensively enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and make greater contributions to the construction of a powerful country in science and technology and the promotion of Chinese-style modernization.

Expand and strengthen leading technology enterprises. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening, the integration of disciplines is constantly advancing, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces is accelerating and shortening. Leading scientific and technological enterprises are an indispensable force in strengthening scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of achievements, opening up new fields and new tracks for development, and shaping new drivers and advantages for development.

To this end, it is necessary to allocate more innovation resources to leading science and technology enterprises, and enhance their ability to penetrate the innovation chain forward, link the industrial chain backward, and vertically integrate the capital chain and talent chain. First, improve the mechanism for guiding enterprises to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen its function of discovering "new tracks". We will strengthen the role of state-owned enterprises in the new national system, clarify the responsibilities of the principal person in charge of the enterprise for technology research and development, establish a sound technology reserve system, improve the evaluation system for state-owned enterprises' R&D investment as profits, establish a system for enterprises' R&D reserves, further improve the policy of pre-tax deduction of R&D expenses, and improve the preferential tax policy for enterprises' investment in basic research. Improve its ability to invest capital. The second is to support enterprises to establish research and development institutions, and increase the efforts of enterprises to attract and train talents. We will significantly increase the proportion of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises that establish research and development institutions, and support leading scientific and technological enterprises in forming systematic and task-based innovation consortiums with institutions of higher learning and research institutes. We will explore ways to assess the professional titles of R&D personnel in enterprises, improve the mechanism for the flow of scientific and technological talents, encourage the orderly flow of high-end talents between production, universities and research institutes, and innovate the "dual employment model" for talents from universities and enterprises. Third, we will improve policies on accelerated depreciation of newly purchased fixed assets in key manufacturing industries and value-added tax deductions for advanced manufacturing enterprises.

We will strengthen leading scientific and technological enterprises to lead the whole process and the whole chain of innovation. General Secretary of the Xi Jinping pointed out: "The paradigm of scientific research has undergone profound changes, the penetration and integration of science and technology and economic and social development have accelerated, the transformation cycle of basic research has been significantly shortened, and international scientific and technological competition has moved forward to the basic frontier." The establishment of the industry-university-research innovation consortium is an important form to adapt to the change of scientific research paradigm and promote the deep integration of industry-university-research. International experience also shows that investment led by industry leaders is the main international practice. Some well-known enterprises have increased investment in research and development, leading the global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. In order to win a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, promote the marketization of scientific research results and rapid industrialization and scale, it is necessary to speed up the formation of horizontal innovation and vertical innovation of industrial chain. First, strengthen the joint establishment of industrial technology research institutes and industrial innovation alliances led by enterprises with universities and research institutes, and jointly build engineering centers, engineering laboratories and technology centers, etc., to build an innovation consortium with close cooperation between upstream and downstream, and enhance its ability to connect the innovation chain. For example, accelerate the development of innovation objectives, regulations and systems recognized by the parties to the industry-university-research agreement to guide the behavior of all participants and realize the sharing of innovation resources. Second, vigorously cultivate small and medium-sized enterprises based on science and technology, and enhance the ability to innovate and support industrial chain. Looking at the world, many important scientific and technological enterprises have experienced the growth process from small to large and from weak to strong.

To this end, we should create a good environment and build a broad stage for those small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises that are developing and growing, so as to promote their growth. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the national guidance fund for venture capital investment in emerging industries, guide and support the innovation and entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology, strengthen the cultivation of "specialized and special new", and guide the policy role of product and technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises. We can promote the comprehensive integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, supply chain, data chain, capital chain, service chain and talent chain of large and small enterprises through departmental linkage, promotion and market drive, and strive to build an enterprise development ecology in which large and small enterprises depend on each other and promote each other.

Strengthen institutional safeguards. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly summarized the important experience of the development of China's science and technology in the new era, and "adhering to deepening reform to stimulate innovation vitality" is an important one. At present, China's scientific and technological innovation system and mechanism still have shortcomings, and some reform measures have not been fully implemented. Deepening the reform of the science and technology system and promoting the agglomeration of innovation factors to enterprises will provide institutional guarantee for strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in science and technology innovation. We will support enterprises in taking the lead or participating in national scientific and technological tasks, and further open up major national research infrastructure to private enterprises. Accelerate the exploration of a new model of win-win cooperation in which "leading scientific and technological enterprises set questions, scientific research institutions participate in answering questions, financial institutions provide full service, and talent institutions fully support", promote the formation of joint forces between innovative subjects and enterprises, and concentrate on overcoming a number of key core technologies. We will strengthen the transformation and application of intellectual property rights, accelerate the transformation of innovation achievements, and tap the potential of enterprises to lead the deep integration of industry, university and research. At the same time, we will build a scientific and technological financial system compatible with scientific and technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national scientific and technological tasks and small and medium-sized enterprises based on science and technology, and improve the policy of supporting long-term capital investment in early, small, long-term and hard technology. We will improve the mechanism for spreading risks related to major technological breakthroughs, and establish a system of science and technology insurance policies.

Source: SASAC of The State Council