Building a national unified large market is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core from an overall and strategic height. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision") adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee further deployed major reform measures to build a large unified market across the country. We must earnestly study and understand, do a good job of implementing, and accelerate the building of a large unified national market that is efficient, standardized, fair competition, and fully open, so as to provide strong support for comprehensively promoting the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

1.Deeply understand the significance of building a large and unified national market

Markets are the scarcest resource in the world. A market with super-large scale and great growth potential is a huge advantage for China's development and a solid support for responding to changes. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly made important instructions on the construction of a national unified large market, and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Party, the 19th National Congress and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee have made corresponding arrangements. In March 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Large Unified National Market, which clarified the overall requirements, main objectives and key tasks. The Party's 20th National Congress further emphasized the need to build a unified national market. All regions and departments have implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and The State Council, and actively promoted the development of a large unified market across the country. Notable results have been achieved. Basic systems for the market economy, such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit, have been accelerated and improved. A number of prominent problems impeding a unified large market and fair competition have been rectified, the effectiveness of market regulation has continued to improve, and the effect of market scale has become increasingly apparent. At the same time, we still face problems such as imperfect institutional rules in some areas, relatively backward development of factor markets, local protection and market segmentation. It is urgent to comprehensively promote the transformation of China's market from large to strong through deepening reform.

(1) Building a national unified large market is an inherent requirement for building a high-level socialist market economic system. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that developing a market economy under socialist conditions is a great initiative of our Party. The socialist market economy must give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, and the effectiveness of the market mechanism is closely related to the size and unity of the market. Only by building a large unified market across the country and achieving smooth access, consistent rules, infrastructure connectivity and regulatory coordination can we expand the size and capacity of the market, deepen division of labor and cooperation on a larger scale, promote full competition, reduce transaction costs, improve the efficiency of market resource allocation, and lay a solid foundation for building a high-standard market system and a high-level socialist market economy.

(2) Building a large and unified national market is the basic support for building a new development pattern. The General Secretary of the Xi Jinping stressed that accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is a strategic decision based on the realization of the second centenary goal, overall development and security, and a strategic deployment to grasp the initiative of future development. The key to building a new development pattern lies in the unimpeded economic circulation, which requires the combination of various production factors to organically link up and circulate in all links of production, distribution, circulation and consumption. To unblock the large domestic circulation, we must build a large unified national market, eliminate local protection and market segmentation, break through the key blocking points that restrict economic circulation, and promote the smooth flow of commodity factor resources on a larger scale. The formation and development of a strong domestic market can maintain and enhance the attraction of global factor resources, better connect the domestic and international markets, and realize the mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles.

(3) Building a large and unified national market is an important guarantee for promoting high-quality development. The General secretary of the Xi Jinping stressed that high-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. To promote high-quality development, we need to improve the corresponding market system and institutional environment. Building a large unified national market is conducive to giving play to the market mechanism's function of survival of the fittest and allowing higher-quality goods and services to stand out. It is conducive to exerting the market scale effect and agglomeration effect, and improving the overall efficiency of economic operation; It is conducive to giving play to the advantages of the super-large-scale market with rich application scenarios and magnifying innovation benefits, serving to promote the self-reliance of high-level science and technology, and developing new quality productivity. At present, China's economy is facing serious problems such as insufficient effective demand. Building a large unified national market will help expand domestic demand, stimulate market vitality, and consolidate and strengthen the good trend of the economy.

2.accurately grasp the basic requirements for building a national unified large market

The construction of the national unified large market is a complex systematic project, we must adhere to the Xi Jinping new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics thought as the guidance, the use of the positions and viewpoints throughout the method. In particular, we must grasp the following points.

(1)We must uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership. Upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the success of the reform. To build a large unified national market, we need to overcome difficulties in improving institutional rules, improving the market system, and innovating supervision and governance, and also involve profound adjustments in the relationship between the central and local governments, localities, and government and enterprises. At the same time, we also face objective realities such as regional differences, urban and rural differences, and industrial differences. The overall leadership of the Party and the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee must run through the whole process of all aspects of the construction of a unified big market, give full play to the Party's role as the leadership core of overall leadership and coordination of all parties, and constantly improve the unity of policies, consistency of rules, and coordination of implementation to ensure that the construction of a unified big market is always moving in the right direction and realizing the strategic intentions of the Party Central Committee.

(2)We must give full play to the role of the government and the market. To properly handle the relationship between the government and the market is the core issue of economic restructuring. To build a large unified national market, the market and the government need to work together. It is necessary to define the boundary between the government and the market in a scientific way, and promote a better combination of an effective market and a successful government, so that both "live" and "manage" can be achieved. We should continue to transform government functions, standardize government behavior, strengthen the fundamental position of competition policy, prevent improper administrative interference, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and better play the role of the government. We should adhere to the principle of market-oriented and law-based internationalization, strive to create a stable, fair, transparent and predictable business environment, and fully stimulate the vitality of business entities.

(3) We must mobilize the enthusiasm of both the central and local governments. To build a national unified large market, we must adhere to the national chess game and handle the relationship between the whole and the part. At the central level, we must constantly improve the basic system of the national unified large market, regulate disorderly competition, and promote the solution of deep-seated contradictions in the fiscal and taxation systems, statistical accounting, and political performance assessment, and improve the long-term institutional mechanisms that adapt to the construction of the national unified large market. All regions should identify their positioning role and comparative advantages in the large unified national market, take the initiative to serve and integrate into the new development pattern, and avoid self-imposed small markets and self-circulation.

(4) We must advance opening-up at a high level. China's economy has been deeply integrated into the world economy. The national unified big market is by no means a big market operating behind closed doors, but a big market facing the world and fully open. To build a large, unified national market, we must not only remove obstacles that impede the smooth circulation of the domestic market and accelerate the development of a high-standard market system, but also actively promote institutional opening up, take the initiative to align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, deepen reform in relevant fields, create a world-class business environment, and expand the influence and influence of the unified large market. Make better use of both domestic and international markets and resources.

3. Firmly implement the key tasks of building a large and unified national market

Building a large, unified national market involves all aspects. We should focus on problems and goals, address both symptoms and root causes, combine strengths and weaknesses, make systematic progress, and make breakthroughs in key areas. We should "set up" various systems and rules that are conducive to building a unified large market, and "remove" various obstacles that are not conducive to building a unified large market. New progress and achievements have been made in promoting the unification of basic market institutions and rules, fair and unified market regulation, and high-standard connectivity of market facilities. In accordance with the "Decision" deployment, focus on the following aspects.

(1) Regulating improper market competition and market intervention. Fair competition is the basic principle of the market economy and the objective requirement of building a unified national market, and the Decision emphasizes the need to clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder a unified national market and fair competition. It is necessary to strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, implement the Regulations on Fair Competition Review that took effect on August 1, 2024, refine the review rules, unify the review standards, coordinate the review of "incremental" new policies and "stock" policies, focus on correcting prominent problems such as restricting the migration of enterprises, and comprehensively clean up all kinds of explicit and implicit barriers to entry such as qualification recognition. We will strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition. While improving the legal rules for identifying market monopolies and acts of unfair competition, we will improve the system for preventing and stopping the abuse of administrative power to exclude or restrict competition, steadily advance the reform of natural monopoly industries, and comprehensively strengthen the law enforcement and justice of competition. It is necessary to standardize the local regulations and systems for attracting investment, clarify and strictly implement the limits of the implementation of preferential policies in terms of financial awards and subsidies, tax returns, and land transfer, strictly prohibit illegal and irregular granting of preferential policies, and promote the transformation of local investment attraction from competitive preferential policies to "policy depression" to the competitive business environment to create "reform highlands" to prevent vicious internal competition. It is necessary to standardize the bidding market, improve the bidding system and rules, and promptly abolish unreasonable restrictions such as ownership discrimination, industry barriers, and local protection. It is necessary to establish a sound system of public resource trading platforms for bidding and procurement by the government, public institutions, and state-owned enterprises with unified standards and information sharing, and implement open management of the whole process of projects, and treat all types of business entities as equals.

(2)Strengthen unified market supervision. In response to the problems of imperfect regulatory rules, inconsistent law enforcement standards, and mismatching regulatory capabilities, the Decision emphasizes the need to improve the comprehensive regulatory capacity and level of the market. It is necessary to strengthen the standardization and standardization of market supervision, clarify the basic and universal supervision rules in the field of market supervision, and strengthen the supply of supervision systems for new economy and new business forms. Improve the discretion benchmark of market supervision and administrative punishment, unify law enforcement standards and procedures, reduce discretion, and promote fair and just law enforcement; We will coordinate regulatory forces and law enforcement resources, consolidate the foundation at the grassroots level, innovate regulatory methods, promote cross-departmental and cross-regional coordination in law enforcement, and promote law-based supervision, credit supervision and smart supervision in one body, so as to enhance regulatory penetration. Standards are the technical support of economic activities, and the Decision emphasizes the need to improve the national standard system. It is necessary to adapt to the requirements of high-quality development, promote the upgrading of standards, optimize the supply structure of standards, improve the level of standard quality, improve the consistency of Chinese standards and international standards, strengthen the international influence and discourse power of Chinese standards, and better play the leading role of standards. For key products involving the safety of people's lives, we should speed up the formulation and revision of mandatory national standards, and strengthen the implementation and application of standards. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the local standards management system, standardize the formulation and management of local standards, and prevent the use of local standards to impede the free flow of goods and services and factor resources.

(3)Improving the system and rules of factor markets. Factor markets are the foundation of the entire market system, and the Decision emphasizes the need to promote the smooth flow of production factors, the efficient allocation of various resources, and the full release of market potential. The key is to deepen market-oriented reform of factors of production, remove institutional barriers that hinder the flow of factors of production, and guide the concentration of resources and factors to advanced productive forces. It is necessary to improve a unified and efficient factor market system, build a unified construction land market for urban and rural areas, and ensure that rural collective construction land and state-owned construction land are placed on the market at the same price and with the same rights under the premise of conforming to planning, use control and acquisition in accordance with the law. We will improve the basic system for promoting the standardized development of the capital market, encourage the financial sector to better serve the real economy, and reduce the financing cost of the real economy. Foster a national integrated technology and data market, promote connectivity among regional or industrial technology trading institutions, and improve basic systems and standards for data resource property rights, trade circulation, cross-border transmission, and security. We should improve the pricing mechanism for factors that are mainly determined by market supply and demand, limit government pricing strictly to the necessary scope of natural monopoly operations and important public utilities, and prevent improper government interference in price formation. We will improve the mechanism by which the market evaluates the contribution of labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, data and other factors of production, and determines their remuneration according to their contribution. We will carry out price reforms in the fields of water, energy, and transportation, take into account factors such as production costs and social affordability, optimize the tiered water, electricity, and gas pricing systems for households, improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products, rationalize pricing relations, increase price flexibility, and promote resource conservation and efficient use.

(4)Improving the distribution system. Circulation is the "blood" of the economic cycle, and the "Decision" has made arrangements in terms of technical support, rules and standards, logistics costs and energy management. It is necessary to accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, adapt to the trend of the extensive application of digital technologies to promote the interconnection of everything, promote the digital transformation and upgrading of circulation infrastructure, vigorously develop new forms and models of circulation, improve the efficiency of goods storage, turnover and stowage, and enhance the agility and intelligence of the circulation system. It is necessary to improve integrated circulation rules and standards, strengthen the formulation and revision of standards in key areas such as commercial logistics, e-commerce, and agricultural product circulation, and promote the coordination and mutual recognition mechanism of rules adapted to the integrated operation of multimodal transport, such as the "one single system", and solve the cross-regional circulation obstacles such as the lack of interoperability of logistics data and the inconsistency of documents. We need to reduce the cost of logistics for the whole society, deepen reform of the comprehensive transport system, improve the transport structure, open up "rail transit", inland waterway shipping, multimodal transport, international logistics and other bottlenecks, and continue to reduce the total cost of logistics as a share of GDP. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the energy management system, speed up the construction of the energy market system, further relax the market access threshold, and gradually separate the grid and transportation in accordance with the characteristics of different industries. We will build a unified national electricity market, promote cross-provincial and cross-regional electricity market trading, and improve the organic mechanism for medium - and long-term, spot, and auxiliary service trading of electricity. Optimize the operation and scheduling mechanism of oil and gas pipeline networks to promote efficient and flexible oil and gas transportation.

(5) Accelerating the development of a complete system of domestic demand To build a large and unified national market, we must fully stimulate the advantages of the ultra-large market and the huge potential of domestic demand. The Decision puts forward reform measures in both investment and consumption, which will help expand productive investment and stimulate potential consumption. We should improve systems and mechanisms for promoting investment, make good use of all types of government funds, standardize the implementation of new mechanisms for cooperation between the government and private capital, establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the development of major projects of basic, public welfare and long-term interest, and improve systems and mechanisms for government investment to effectively promote social investment, so as to fully release the amplification effect. We will deepen reform of the investment approval system, continue to remove all kinds of barriers to access for private investment, improve the approval process for investment projects and increase their efficiency by focusing on "getting one thing done efficiently", strengthen coordination services for major projects and guarantee factors such as land and sea use, improve mechanisms for stimulating private capital investment and promoting investment landing, and form a market-led mechanism for effective internal growth of investment. We need to improve the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption and take a comprehensive approach to increasing income, promoting employment, expanding quality supply, and improving the consumption environment to promote sustained and steady growth of consumption. Restrictive measures in some areas, such as housing and automobiles, should be optimized and adjusted according to local conditions, and the lack of rationality should be eliminated in a timely manner. We will expand the supply of inclusive non-basic public services in areas where there is a serious contradiction between supply and demand, such as education, medical care, elderly care, and childcare, and increase public consumption at an appropriate level. At present, the first economy represented by the release of new products and the opening of the first store has become an important form of activating the new momentum of consumption, and it is necessary to actively adapt to local conditions